[Ashish]

In many of the developed nations people go shopping not merely to purchase the required products but also to entertain themselves. In my opinion, it is a positive development as it may help to avoid stress or depression and also enhance the mood .

Firstly, going for shopping may help people of all age groups to deal with the constantly increasing problems like stress and depression. However, it may not be 100% efficient, but it can surely help to some extent. Nowadays, people prefer to be at their homes rather than going out, but as it is rightly said that “An idle mind is the devil’s workshop”. So, whenever a person isn’t investing his time in a good thing or he is engaging himself in unethical things like watching pornography, then going for shopping can be a good alternative. Even though, going for shopping may not be a productive activity but it can at least help to avoid the engagement in activities which make one less productive.

Moreover, it can help people to boost their moods and be more happy. As it has been proved in so many studies that spending time with family and friends not only makes one cheerful but also aids to relieve tension. Hence, taking out some time from the hectic schedules of the modern era and going shopping with frirends or family members may benefit the health and promote happiness. Additionally, consumerism makes the economy of a country stronger. Furthermore, it encourages production of more goods as well as services which may prove beneficial for the society as a whole.

In conclusion, although there may be some bad impacts of consumerism but as it affects the health of people positively and also aids GDP of a country, it can certainly be considered as a positive trend.

[Ashish]

The given line graph illustrates the amounts of items which were delivered within the UK by using four different means of transportation, from 1974 to 2002 via road, water, rail and pipeline . The unit of measurement was ton. Overall, it can be seen that the roads were used the most and pipelines were used the least throughout the period.

To begin with, in the initial year(1974) ,70 million goods were transported through the roads while pipelines transported just around 5 million. In this year, water and rail routes were used to transport around 40 million goods and this figure remained more or less the same for the next 4 years. After that, the quantities of goods which were moved using roads and pipelines increased till the end of span, though some fluctuations can be noticed. In 2002, the figure for roads and pipelines was of around 100 million and 20 million respectively.

By contrast, after 1978 rail was preferred less and hence it transferred about 30 million products for the next 20 years. But ,in 2002, this figure reached just above 40 million. While , water ways gained popularity and nearly 60 million products were transferred by its use. However, in 1998, this quantity declined and reached to 50 million but in the next four years it rose to approximately 65 million.

[Ashish]

The given table illustrates how the number of women who participated in senior management in three companies changed over a period of 40 years from 1975 to 2015.Overall, it can be seen that by the end of the period, there was a boost in the proportion of women who held the senior positions in all the three companies , but it was most significant at Eldan Ltd.

In 1975, the number of women who were working at senior positions was highest for Finsbury Ltd as compared to the rest two, at 16%.But ,this figure decreased to 14% in the next five years followed by 1% rise five years later. In 1990, the women’s percentage rose by 7% but again decreased and stood at 20% in 2000.After 15 years, this percentage amounted to 26%.

On the contrary, a constant rise was observed in the Eldan Ltd and Bamforth Ltd companies, from the beginning to the end of the period. In the first five years, no change was noticed in Eldan Ltd as the data remained at 3%. By 1985, the figure had reached 14%, and doubled to 28% in 1990.Ten years later, an inclination of 5% was observed and it increased to almost twofold and became 64% in 2015.

Likewise, Bamforth Ltd was at 9% at the beginning and this percentage increased by a steady rate of 2% in every subsequent period till 2000, where it stood at 17% but after that it leapt to 46% by 2015.

[Ashish]

It is argued by some that there shouldn’t be any fixed age for retirement and they suggest that the age limit should vary according to the type of job .I completely agree with this opinion because every occupation requires different amount of efforts.

To begin with,certain jobs demand for the different levels of physical and mental energy from their employees ,and hence the retirement age must be set accordingly.The people who have to put lesser amount of hardwork in their jobs should have a higher retirement age as compared to the people who are involved in some laborious activities.For example,if we consider the case of a goverment college or university ,the sweepers there should get retired first as compared to the higher position holders like the professors.However,I also think that those who face serious problems like accident or severe health issues should be retired earlier, irrespective of the occupation.

The people who are involved in the activities which brings hundreds of health hazards along with the stress are most deserving candidates for availing the benefits of ealry retirement and pension.For illustration,coal mine workers have to face various kinds of health issues such as deadly respiratory diseases like Asthama, loss of eyesight ,skin damage and countless others ,which are caused by the toxic gases and dust particles present in the mines.Moreover,the persons with disabilities should also be benefited by it.

To conclude,all the employees shouldn’t have a standard age of retirement but that should be dependent on the type of occupation which they pursue.The people who’s jobs are more exhausting must be given relaxation sooner.

[Ashish]

Nowadays,well known personalities often speak up on certain public affairs which are of less concern to them.In my opinion,these interferences by the famous people have far more positive impacts than the negative ones.

First of all,the commoners are pretty much influenced by the famed figures.Hence,this influence can be used to spread awareness or in any other positive way whenever required.For instance,movie stars such as Tom Cruise,Aamir Khan etc have large fan following.Moreover, their fans not only avidly notice their lifestyle but also try to inculcate it in themselves.So,if such people hinder public topics such as health and fitness or gender equality,they can surely make a difference. However,some people argue that these famous people often don’t have good knowledge of the topic,but it is rare that they convey any wrong message,as they are humans too and they know such things can affect their image.

Secondly,the sway of the people with stardom can be used to enhance a country’s economy as they are not exclusively loved by citizens of their motherland,they have admirers in foreign countries as well.Hence, when they advertise any product or service then as an outcome both the national and international fans try to avail them,which would ultimately benefit the economy of the country.For example, the products of the skin care and beauty brand Lakme,which is owned by an Indian company are in high demand in the international market nowadays.The fact that many world wide famous indian actresses like Katrina Caif,Kareena Kapoor,Shraddha Kapoor etc have endorsed this brand has definitely helped it to reach the position where it is presently.

In conclusion,I stronlgly believe that it is a positive development.In addition,I would like to suggest that India has certain internationally recognised faces whose power can be used to promote so many Indian products.

[Ashish]

The given diagrams depict the process of electricity generation by utilising the power of waves.At first glance,it can be perceived that when the waves move inside the chamber or leave it ,there is a movement of air in the column which leads the production of electricity.

To begin with,the structure is set up near seashore or is mounted on a cliff. It basically consists of a big chamber, one side of which is open to the sea through which the water waves enter and leave.Apart from the chamber,it has a vertical column in which a turbine is installed.One end of the column is open to the atmosphere due to which the air moves freely bidirectionally.

Initially the chamber is empty,but as the time goes by the waves enter the chamber due to which the air starts moving upwards through the column ,and subsequently the turbine starts rotating and ultimately electricity is generated.

On the contrary,the movement of the air is in the opposite direction when the waves depart but the turbine rotates in the same direction as earlier(i.e,clockwise) and eventually electric power is generated again.

So,in this process current is generated in both the cases,i.e,arrival and departure of waves.

[Ashish]

The given pie charts depict how a charity for children based in USA raised funds and where the collected money was spent,in the year of 2016.At first glance,it can be perceived that the major source of revenue was the donated food and the highest proportion of the collection was spent on program services.

A very large amount(86.6%) of the collected money was raised with the donated food alone, and the contributions of the community accounted for slightly over one-tenth of the total.On the other hand the earnings from program revenue,investment income,government grants and other sources were negligible( only 3% collectively).

At the same time the charity exhausted majority(almost 96%) of money on program services whereas a very small amount ,only 4.2% in total,was spent on fundraising and management and general purposes.

Also, it is very clear from the given pie charts that the received amount was greater than the expenditures,as they earned around 53.5 milliion dollars while they defrayed roughly 53.2 million dollars.

[Ashish]

The given bar chart depicts the reported change in the population of seals,whales and dolphins in the Gormez Straits between 2006 to 2018.At first glance,it can be seen that the number of dolphins increased throughout the period while that of seals and whales showed fluctuations.

In 2006,the recorded population of dolphins was the lowest(around 16), it was even less than half the number of the seals reported,which was around 43.But in 2010,there was a decline in the number of seals while the dolphin population expanded a bit thereby they stood at nearly same figures of about 24 and 22 respectively.After that, population of both the species increased till 2018 ,i.e ,the end of the period ,where the reported dolphins were about 52 while this figure was roughly of 45 for seals.

The case of whales was different from the other two creatures as there were not any drastic changes in their recorded population.The number of recorded whales always lied between 20 to 30 for the entire 12 year duration.

[Ashish]

The given pie charts display the factors which decide the preference of the people for either a car or bicycle to reach their workplaces.Overall,it can be seen that the most significant reason for choosing a car is the comfort while for prefering bicycle, it is concern for health and fitness and environment.

For 40% of the car users the most prominent factor behind their choice is the comfort,while on the other hand for those who use bicycle,these are health and fitness and less pollution, each accounting for 30%.Another major reason for choosing a car is the distance to work,having a share of just above a fifth.

The proportion of people who think their mode is faster are nearly the same in both cases,it stands at 14% and 12% for the car and bicycle users respectively.

The other reasons why people drive to work are need to carry things to work and safer than cylcle,accounting for 14% and 11% respectively.While for those who prefer cycle, the other influencing factors are of no parking problems and low costs standing at 15% and 13% respectively.

[Ashish]

The given line graph illustrates the robberies per thousand vehicles in Great Britain,Sweden,France and Canada from 1990 to 1999.Overall,it can be clearly seen that Great Britain had highest number of vehicle thefts throughout the ten year period.

In early 1990 France and Canada had almost equal number of recorded vehicle robberies of about 6 and 7 per thousand respectively.After that there was a continuous rise in the vehicle thefts in France till mid 1991 when it reached a number of around 9 per thousand which was eqal to that of Sweden at that time.Thereafter the number remained greater than Canada till the end where they both finished at around 6 per thousand.

In Sweden besides a slight decline till mid 1991 and levelling off from 1996 to 1998 there was a constant increase in the count of thefts till it reached a number of about 14 per thousand at the end of period.

In Great Britain the figure of recorded vehicle robberies was by far the highest among the four countries.This count was around 18 and 17 per thousand at the beggining and end of the period respectively.