[Elena]

Nowadays, in many modern nations , consumerism is not only about buying important products for daily needs to survive, it is also seen as form of entertainment and comfort. This essay will argue that it is a negative development because , even though it effects an economy , it is affect a person mentally and intellectually .

Firstly, people who take leisure time in purchasing items cling their satisfaction from the objects they obtained .Very often people purchase a lot of unnecessary things that then gather dust . Hence , then all of this accumulated products turn out to be a waste of money and also take people away from more meaningful and beneficial activities such as travelling , creating arts and crafts or playing sports. For instance , people would prioritize buying the latest gadgets even though they still have a functioning one.

Secondly, nowadays marketing and advertising companies developing more and more ways and tools to promote their goods , so people will want to buy more respectively. Also,by buying more unnecessary things , it negatively affects the environment and air pollution. For example , the higher buyers order , the more the factories produce harmful smoke , which leads to an environmental problems.

In conclusion, in the first world countries shopping now is the new way of entertainment , I believe that for the most part it creates a negative effect , especially for the environment . Shopping should be for fulfilling our necessity, not for our personal pleasure.

[Elena]

Nowadays , a lot of people replacing live communication by online conversations through social media . This essay will include how communication in distance breaks geographical barriers and also illustrates how it has reduce the quality of speaking. Whilst acknowledging that there are disadvantages , the essay will argue that the benefits of the face to face interaction outweigh the drawbacks.

In terms of advantages , distance connection have made it for us much easier to interact with our loved ones or friends without spending a huge amount of money to get in touch with them in different countries .Also , it gives the opportunity to study or work overseas and even pass the interviews , regardless of geographical locations .For instance , by passing interview or exam in a distance in a comfortable place reduces the pressure and nervousness for a person .

However , despite the benefits above , I think that overuse social media reduces the quality of in-person interactions , person loses self-confidence and doesn’t know how to express themselves on better matter . In this days , public are so addicted to social networks that they don’t even notice what is happening around them .The frequent using of it could affects the style of speaking and writing , especially when it comes to young generation. For example , nowadays many teenagers have a habit of using abbreviations instead of full words or sentences , which then they used it in text messages , posts or in academic essays.

In conclusion , communication online has some drawbacks, nevertheless , from my point of view the positive effects of that are outweighed disadvantages.

[Elena]

The two given diagrams illustrate the necessary steps and materials used for both cement and concrete production processes .

Overall, it is clearly seen that , the cement production involves some complex stages , while concrete production is done by using just cement , water , sand and gravel in concrete mixer .

The first diagram shows that , limestone and clay are crushed into a powder form, after that, the powder goes into a mixer . Then it passed via rotating heater with the supporting fire in the end of mechanism . After heating step, the powder turns into a paste which is passed to grinder machine to create the cement . Finally , this cement becomes ready to packed in bags.

The second diagram depicts the process where all the main components such as 15% of cement , 10% of water , 25% of sand and 50% of gravel are mixed together in a huge machine to create concrete .

[Elena]

Nowadays , it is becoming more and more popular for families to send their youngsters overseas for educational purposes. This trend could create benefits such as, exploring new destination and better future prospects , however, this could also cause some drawbacks like emotional distress and spending huge amount of money for a living .

To begin with , there are a lot of advantages to studying abroad . Firstly , it is an ideal period when children could meet with new peoples and get to know their traditions and cultures , by doing that it will grow communication skills . For example , many articles has shown that people who learn a new language can learn it faster thanks to communication with natives. and also, it makes them more independent and confident. Secondly, students who has degree from any reputed international university may get a good job opportunity .

On the other hand , education overseas is becoming more expensive every year . Because of that majority of parents forced to take a loan to pay educational fees . Moreover , youngsters who feel themselves homesick could face the cultural difference such as adapting to a new food or weather conditions . For instance , people who are from tropical countries like Malaysia or Thailand travelling to cold regions find some difficulties to adapt .

In conclusion , the idea of sending kids abroad for better education has some disadvantages , such us the high educational cost and the impact of cultural changes , but despite that ,getting far from home will help younger generation to mature and explore new things .

[Elena]

The line graph represents robbery information per thousand cars from 1990 to 1999 in Great Britain , Sweden , France and Canada.

Overall, Great Britain shows that the vehicles thefts were higher than in other 3 countries from 1990 to 1999, while in Sweden this rate rose noticeably through the 9 years period .

According to the given graph ,approximately 17 vehicles were stolen in Great Britain in the year 1990 ,also , it is clearly seen 2 peaks in 1992 and 1996 that steadily climbed by approximately 3% and 4% ,however , despite some fluctuations inbetween throughout period , the number was almost the same in the end 1999. While in countries such as France and Canada car robbery rates remained almost constant with some minor fluctuations through the 9 years period .

Sweden on the other hand , the only country where automobile thefts enormously increased between 1990 and 1999 . It started from 7 vehicles in 1990 and double up to 14 cars in the end.

[Elena]

Nowadays , more people expect to live more than ever before . In many countries around the globe , average life expectancy is rising, due to this development ,personal and social problems increase, but there are some solutions that could help.

As people live longer , the populations grow older and several issues can be expected. One of the first issue is a huge burden on the taxpayers . Governments have to assign more money towards the pension scheme and medical care, in order to ensure the survival of the senior citizens. This could be possible only by deduction additional tax from working community . Nowadays, the proportion of younger , working adults is smaller , and authorities will therefore receive less money in taxes in relation to the size of population .

However, it is important to solve these problems . Firstly , the governments should set a law on retirement age. Secondly ,by encouraging immigration in order to increase the number of working adults who pay taxes .This is because in many countries fertility rate is declining every year , so it is complicated to have young generation who can work efficiently . For instance , this scheme is successfully used in Belgium , where governments invites students to have bachelors or master’s degree and then , continue to stay and work here .

In conclusion , the increase in life expectancy in the world leads to certain issues for the governments and for the young individuals. Nevertheless, by drafting a new law on retirement age and by promoting immigration will help to mitigate the impacts of the aging community.

[Elena]

In metropolitan cities, one of the biggest issues is traffic jam.The main reason for this is increasing number of motor vehicles , while public transition is in the worst condition and reliable solution is add tax .

Analysing the statement, it is clearly seen , as population grows , the number of cars is growing as well, travelling by a car is more flexible and convenient to people’s lifestyle, weekly household shopping, for instance .it would be more convenient to use your own car instead of a public transportation which might be overcrowded and not available for the entire day . Furthermore, another obstacle is there is no restrictions around auto purchases.Everyone can buy a car as long as he has revenue for it. For example , if a big city has about million people and each of them own the car , so there would be a million automobiles on the roads which cause traffic jam .

The possible solution for this may be the promotion of car sharing schemes which will cost effective and it will motivate people to use fewer cars. Also ,by improving public transportation ,for instance, reduce fare and more frequency of buses and trains will encourage people use it more . Furthermore , adding more cycle lanes will also inspire people to use bicycles instead of cars . And what might help it is adding tax for vehicle , it would lead to reconsider if they really need an auto.

In conclusion, the increasing amount of ownership vehicles and awful public transportation is always responsible for the huge traffic jams in big cities .However ,by improving public transportation by the governments will provide solution to reduce congestions .



[Elena]

The tables illustrate the comparison of population in the world between 1950 and 2000 in percentage , and its future projection in 2050 .

Overall , the tables show how global population is increased through 50 years period , and forecasted to rise by the year 2050 .Also, it has clearly observed that the biggest population goes to Asia , and the smallest in Oceania .

To start with , Africa is the only one which grow through the period, starting from 9% in 1950 and expected to be 20% in 2050 . However , largest population in the beginning was in Asia around 56% and will increased to 60% in 2000 ,but the figure is experiencing some swell to 59% in 2050.

On the other hand ,region such as Europe and North America started from 22% and 7% ,had shrunk in population size by 10% and 2% and expected shrink further by another 5 % and 1%, whereas Latin America and Oceania, expected to stabilize at 9 % and 1 % respectively.

[Elena]

Some people argue that it is always better to reward pupils in their achievements to perform better, rather than punish them.
I completely agree ,I support this idea. Giving some motivation for students in their accomplishments always helps them to be interested in any subjects.

To begin with , I would like to mention that , from the childhood we love to hear good words about ourselves from adults . When it comes to school , every word that teacher will say to you , will affect your behavior and lives in the future. For instance , if teacher give some reward to students for theirs well-done homework , it will always motivate them to continue to do homework and improve themselves . In addition, it will also encourage children go to school with pleasure.

To go further , I would like to say that punishment always cause psychological problems for child . Some people believe that punishments will increase the chances of learning more , but instead they get a child who is disinterested in everything .For example , pupils who got punished at school ,will usually avoid going to school at all costs, further , child will feel embarrassed to do any mistakes , he will lose motivation and self-confidence . In addition he will have social problems with others in the future . 




In conclusion , I think give reward instead of punishment has many advantages . Everyone love receive rewards no matter who you are a child or adult .It makes us happy .

[Elena]

The pie charts show data regarding the household share of investing on essential items in China from 1995 to 2011 .These categories are calculated in percentages.

Overall, the food was the major expense in both charts in China in the last 16 years , after food , clothing is followed by necessity ,while categories such as household goods and medicine were not in such a priority.
First of all , percentage of food in the 1995 was more than two third , but dramatically decreased in 2011 by approximately 9%.However ,the chart show that second large expense were on clothing, which starts from 19% and observed marginal drop of 1% through 16 year period .


On the other hand , money spent by people on medicine jumped from 4% in 1995 to a minority in 2011, while household goods made a moderate change and increased from 9% to 12% through the years.

[Elena]

Some people argue that art is useless subject for students in education system while others say that it is important . This essay weighs the two opinions as well as provides my personal judgement .
On one side , people think that art education is waste of time especially if the child is not interested in it. They believe that there are more essential subjects such as mathematics ,technology or science , which allows students to find a job in the future .For instance, studying arts does not guarantee a successful career in the future , especially if you are living in a country where art is not the best profession and it would be hard to find art-related job. Nowadays , most artists have been struggling to make a living from selling their work .


On the other hand , from my point of view , learning art is necessary for students because they can relax after concentration on a heavy subjects , let’s say get taste of what different subjects are about . For example ,singing a song in musical classes can bring positive emotions for people . Also studying art could improve performance in other subjects .Art would help to develop creativity thinking, imagination and coordination , also art aids shy people to express themselves .


In conclusion, despite some drawbacks above , I would say that art is definitely crucial for pupils in their curriculum , rather focus only on technical education.

[Elena]

The bar chart illustrates populations of sea animals present between 2006 and 2018 in the Gormez Straits .
Overall , seals ,whales and dolphins populations experienced an upward trend throughout the period . Seal and whale populations had some fluctuations ,while dolphin who started with less population , rose up through the years .
The number of seals started from around 40% in 2006 , being higher than whales and dolphins by approximately 20% , Then chart shows decreasing in 2010 until 2014, after being more than a third in 2014 he is hitting more than two fifth in 2018.



Percentage of whales began with 25% in 2006 and after 4 years percentage fell to around 20% , but then increased to approximately 8% in the end. Meanwhile dolphins was less than 20% in 2006 , however , the figure experienced a steady growth during the next 6 years . It rose to about more than 50% in 2018, outracing seals and whales.

[Elena]

The line graphs illustrate the manufacture and need for steel in million tonnes and the quantity of employees employed in the steel industry in the United Kingdom in 2010.

Overall,amount of steel production was higher than actual demand employed throughout the months except when it came closer to December. And number of workers employed at the beginning were higher than the end of the year.

According to the first graph , quantity of metal began from 4000 million tonnes in January which was double than in demand . and was steady until August than it goes up to almost 5000 million tonnes closer to September , then dramatically decline in December .While Actual demand fell down to 0 at the end of November , but in December rose to 2000 million tonnes .


The second line graph despict that number of workers were increasing in the beginning of the year from 5000 and drastically fell down in May and continue to dropped through the months and declined the volume of workers to 1000 in December.